In Glenn research center under the direction of Mark
G.Millisa, search of ways of creation of draft is carried out by NASA.
NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project
http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/PAO/warp.htm
During many tens years attempts to create highly effective
flying vehicles of new type have been done. Hundreds samples
of unusual flying vehicles are created. But these
flying vehicles have low efficiency, bad
controllability, very high price and many other disadvantages. Principal causes of these
failures are:
- The
way creation of lift is based exclusively on a
gradient of quantity of movement (on jet force due to movement of
weight of a liquid or gas);
- The classical stationary aeromechanics is used.
I
assert, that it will be possible to create very highly effective,
maneuverable and cheap flying vehicles of new type, if:
New principles of flying vehicles development.
The first principle.
Reception of force due to a gradient of energy.
In technics and in a life we have got used to the certain physical
concepts connected with force, and we use these concepts at creation of machines,
planes, rockets and other equipment, not reflecting about an origin of forces in
a general sense. Usually, occurrence of force in fluid continuous medium connect
with presence of a gradient of quantity of movement.
At the same time there is a mechanism of formation of force on more
general principles, - due to a gradient of energy in space. If in space energy
is distributed non-uniformly there is a carry of energy between various areas,
bodies. If the body transfers energy the body gets thus reaction. Force is
equal to capacity (to energy of any physical nature) divided for the
speed of carry of this energy. It is universal dependence, - known expressions
for force are special cases.
The use of a gradient of energy, allows to proceed to
consideration of creation of force in any environment and in any fields (gaseous
or liquid, electromagnetic, gravitational, radio, etc. little-known or still
unknown fields). Ways of carry of energy too can be different: with the help of
throwing away of medium, waves, etc.
Dependence of specific
thrust (an axis on a vertical: the ratio of tractive force to
capacity of the device radiating energy, dimension of
Н/kW) from speed of carry of energy (an axis across, dimension of m/s) is shown below. This
schedule is universal and is valid for any mechanism of carry of energy and any
kind of energy. For simplicity the case of transfer of energy only to one side
(in comparison with a spatial case, transfer of energy on other directions, this
case is the most effective) is shown here.
Dependence of specific thrust on speed of carry of
energy
From figure values of specific thrust follow:
At carry of energy with speed of light of
300000000 meters in a second, specific thrust about
3*10 in a minus of 6-th degree Н about 1 KW of a source of waves;
At carry of energy with speed of a sound in water of 1450 meters in a second,
specific thrust of 0.8 Н/kW;
At carry of energy with speed of a sound in air of 340 meters in a second,
specific thrust of 0.3 Н/kW;
At carry of energy with speed of 10 meters in a second, specific
thrust about 100 Н/kW;
At carry of energy with a speed of 0.01 meters in a
second, specific thrust of 10000 Н/kW!
From these values of
specific thrust follows, that in terrestrial
conditions to do the vehicle receiving draft with the
help of carry of energy by means of light or electromagnetic waves it is not
expedient that it will be necessary to have thruster
huge capacities. For example.
The development of light rockets similar
to development of firm Lightcraft Technologies Inc. (LTI), do not bring success.
And reception in last experiences of appreciable forces in these
vehicles,
is connected with the use of energy of light (laser) for evaporation of ice or plastic
and creation due to it a jet. Only due to reaction of a jet pair forces which
can lift the vehicle during short time for
some tens meters also have been received. In this case there was an actual
transition from a light rocket (which should move due to energy of pressure of
light, and the size of force depends on speed of light, speed of carry of energy)
to usual jet thruster, speed of carry of energy in
which is equal to speed movement
weights steam. In this case, speed of carry of
energy has decreased in millions times and as follows from the schedule, in
millions times force of draft
has increased and the vehicle has flied up. But it is not any more a light rocket!?
At use of speed of carry of energy about 0.05 meters in a second of capacity
of the person would suffice to fly in air due to the energy.
The second principle.
Reception of force at the minimal speed of carry of energy.
From the first principle follows: for creation
of economic vehicles, it is necessary to use the
physical phenomena and designs of thruster which would
give the minimal size of speed of carry of energy.
Energy can be transferred in the various ways:
With the help of the moving weight of a liquid or the gas, caused by a
gradient of quantity of movement.
On this principle all modern flying and floating
vehicles, rockets, pumps and so forth
vehicles are constructed. Despite of huge distribution
of the vehicles using for creation of driving force a
gradient of quantity of movement, they have serious disadvantages:
The moving environment causes the big losses of
energy on overcoming aerodinamical
drag, as in the mechanism creating movement of a liquid (thruster),
and at movement of the offcast liquid ( jets). Thus also there are noise and
vibration.
For movement of the vehicle, including and on a
place, it is necessary to reject a liquid constantly.
Dimensional characteristics of working bodies of
the vehicle (screws, wings, jet
thruster and so forth), are strongly connected with
thruster a complex, and opportunities of their reduction have reached the
limit.
The size of the forces developed by thrusters, much
more concedes to that flying and swimming animals have.
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With the help of a wave.
In this case, force arises due to a gradient of
energy. Thus, movement weights of a liquid or gas from
thruster do not occur. As a matter of fact, ideas of this principle are
incorporated in projects of light rockets. This phenomenon is known, how
radiating pressure of light and acoustic waves. Usually, waves have the large
speed of carry of energy and consequently, the size of force will be small. For
receiving of the big forces, it is necessary to search for mediums and
types of the waves which have small speeds of carry of energy.
Energy is transferred in specially structured medium.
In the environment, on a way of carry of energy
from thrust, indignations which result in formation of
special structure beforehand are brought. Then, energy is transferred to this
structure. A problem of this structure - it is essential to lower speed of carry
of energy.
Simultaneously
the wave and the moving weight for carry of energy participates.
In this case, general force of thruster develops of
the thrust formed with the help movement of weight,
and, with the help of a wave.
The third principle.
Reception of the maximal intensity of radiation of energy.
But there is one more parameter determining the
characteristic of the flying vehicle, - specific
loading (size of the force gathered from 1 square meter of the effective area
thruster). Usually, with reduction of speed of carry
of energy (and, accordingly, with increase in specific draft) specific load
decreases. It results to that vehicles having the big
thrust from a power unit, will have the big dimensions
of thruster. To reduce the sizes
thruster two ways can be used:
To increase the effective area
thruster.
For traditional thrusters, the effective area (the
area which actively generates carry of energy or movement
liquids or gas) is approximately equal to the geometrical area, actuating
body of thruster. Thruster
oscillatory type, at the certain operating modes, can have the effective area in
3.5 times more than the geometrical area, varying
actuating body. This effect was
found out experimentally by professor Vinogradov R.I.
To increase intensity of radiation of energy.
Intensity of capacity, - size radiating of
capacity
from unit of the area of thruster. To increase
intensity of capacity it is possible:
1. With the help of increase in speed of carry of energy (speed
movement liquids or speeds of a wave). But thus the
size of draft will sharply fall. Hence, it is necessary to increase ability of
the liquid or gaseous medium, to transfer the big energy along a line of
reception of force, but without increase components of speed along this line.
2. It can be made because energy is transferred in additional degrees of
freedom of a liquid, on macro and
micro level (rotary, oscillatory movements, etc.). An example of such
movement can be V.Shauberger's spiral vortex.
The above mentioned analysis concerned to principles of creation of
thrust in the liquid or gaseous environment, with use
of mechanical energy. These principles can be distributed by analogy on creation
of force in environments with other kinds of energy (electromagnetic, thermal,
little-known and still unknown kinds of energy).
We suggest to create highly economic the
flying vehicle with the help (KNOW-НOW):
1. Downturn of speed of carry of energy from
thruster in surrounding space.
2. Reduction of external dimensions
of thruster by means of increase in an effective aerodynamic surface and
increase in intensity of radiation of energy by thruster,
including with the help of special vortical structures.
3. Reduction of aerodynamic drag
with the help of creation of a wave flow of the vehicle.
4. Replacements in thruster
propellers on oscillating working bodies of different
type.
5. Adaptive control system.
On the basis of use of above described effects, it is possible to create over economic, small-sized,
completely new type:
- Vehicles of vertical rise and hover on a
place.
- Economical rockets.
- Light, laser ionic, etc. rockets.
I search for customers or partners for carrying out of
researches and creations of the flying vehicle of
offered type.
